ΠΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅, Π³ΡΠ±Π°Ρ , Π³ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ

Π ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.
Π§Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ. Π Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠ‘Π β Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ.
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ.
Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ
- ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ;
- ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ;
- Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ;
- Π²ΠΊΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ°.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π½ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ:
- Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ;
- ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ;
- Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ, Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅.
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π½Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°. Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -ΡΠΎ β Π² Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠ°.ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
- Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³Π΅, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ β Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ.
- ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π±Ρ.
- ΠΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ.
- ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½. Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ» Π±Ρ.
- ΠΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΅Π΄Ρ.
- ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ.
- ΠΠ°Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, ΠΠ‘Π. Π§Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³Π°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
Π Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅?
ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Ρ Π·ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ, ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅.ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ?
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ.Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΆΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΆΠΎΠ³Ρ.
ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ.
ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π° Π½Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, Π° Π½Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°.
Π‘ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±Ρ Π²Ρ Π½ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 4
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½ , ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊ
226 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΊ ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ:
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎ ΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ .
ΠΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠΆΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠΠ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π».
ΠΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ — ΠΎΡ 25 — Π΄ΠΎ 34 Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ.
Π―Π·ΡΠΊ Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π»Π΅Ρ.
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠΎ Π£ΠΠ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ± (Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ) ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΈ Π£ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½, ΠΠ»Π»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ», Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ (Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ».
ΠΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π°?
ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ

ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡβ¦

ΠΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉ, Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½Π΅Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΆΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΡΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌβ¦

Π Π²ΠΎΡΠ° β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ). ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎβ¦

ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ. Π’Π°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡβ¦

ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ, β ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡβ¦

ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² β Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ°Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡβ¦

ΠΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉ, Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅, Π½ΠΎβ¦

ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ± ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ±Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²β¦

ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΆΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎβ¦

ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ . ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎβ¦.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³Π°. ΠΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ.

ΠΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ°
ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΆΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ:
- ΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡ;
- ΡΠ·Π²Π°;
- ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ;
- Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²;
- ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°;
- ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄.

ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ , ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π¨Π΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ·Π² Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ², ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³Π°Ρ :
- ΡΠ·Π²Π°;
- Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡ;
- Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΡ;
- Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.

ΠΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ’, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π²Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ:
- Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ;
- ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ;
- Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°.
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ:
- ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ;

- ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ;
- ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ;
- ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².
Π§Π°ΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΎΡ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅, Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π°Ρ . ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³. ΠΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ³ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ.

Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°, Π·Π»ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ:
- ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·;
- Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ;
- ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°;
- Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ.

Π‘ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π²ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³Π°, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ.
Π‘Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π²Π°Π» ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΄, ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅. ΠΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ:
- ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅;
- ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ;
- ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ;
- ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°;
- ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.

ΠΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°. Π‘Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ².
ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅, Π·Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ, Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π°Ρ . Π‘ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°.

Π ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°. Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ:
- ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Ρ;
- ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°;
- ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ².

ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ , ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ :
- Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·;
- Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ·Π²Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ;
- Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°;
- Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ.

ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ·Π²Ρ, Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°. Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ , ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ².
ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ. ΠΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Β«ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ Π·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌΒ» Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ:
- Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ;
- Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°;
- ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ;
- Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ;
- ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ.

Π’ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ² Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π‘ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ .
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ’, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅ — ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°
ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠ» Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ:
- Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΡ;
- ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Ρ;
- ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°;

- Π½Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²;
- Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°.
Π£ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ: ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ±Ρ, ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΡΠ±Π°, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΊ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ — ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ , ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π²ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.
ΠΠΊΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π‘ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ: ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ.

Π ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ — Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. Π£ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΠ»Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½ Π΄Π°Π» ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄Π°
ΠΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΉΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ·Π΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠ° ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ :
- ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ;
- Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²;
- Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ;
- ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ.

Π£ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ , Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅, ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ·Π²Ρ, Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ»Π»Π΅Π·Π°. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎ-Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΉΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π±Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ.
Π£ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ Ρ Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π², ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·ΡΠ±Π°, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°.

ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½, Π·ΡΠ±Π°, Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π°.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡ Π³Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΠΠ’. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ, Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ.
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΠ± ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ :
- Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠ°;
- ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ;
- Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ;
- Π°Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ;
- ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡ;
- ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ;

- ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ;
- Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°.
Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ·Π² Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ, Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ . ΠΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ Π³Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° — ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ, ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½:
- ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π°;
- ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ;
- ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ;

- Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ;
- ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°;
- ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ·Π²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½, ΡΠ°Ρ Π°Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²:
- ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ;
- ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°;
- Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ;
- Π£ΠΠ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²;
- ΠΠ Π’ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³.

ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅.
ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
| ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° | ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ | ΠΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ |
| ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ° | ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅. | ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΉ ΠΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ |
| ΠΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ | ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ. | ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΠΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ |
| ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ Π¨Π΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π½Π° | Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·, Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. | ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ |
| ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ | Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π², Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. | ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΠΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ |
| Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ | ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. | Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π‘Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΉ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ |
| ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡ | ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. | ΠΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ |
| ΠΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ· | ΠΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ° Π½Π΅Π±Π΅, ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅, Π³ΡΠ±Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π»Π΅Ρ. | ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ Π‘Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ |
ΠΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³Π° Π² Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ.

Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π»ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ:
- ΠΠ³Π΅Π²Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Β«ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΒ». ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ.

- ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π²Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π΅. ΠΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°.

- ΠΠΈΡΠ³Π΅Π²Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Ρ Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠΌ, Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ.

ΠΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ . Π‘Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΡΠ±Π°.
ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ». ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎ ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ . Π£ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ . ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΅Π΄Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅Π½Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°.

ΠΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.
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ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ·ΡΡΠΌΠΈ

Π Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ
0 90000 10 causes and when to see a doctor 90001 90002 Stomachaches are a common complaint in children and adults. The upper stomach houses several vital structures, including the upper intestines, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas. While many issues responsible for upper stomach pain, such as gas or a stomach virus, are not cause for concern, others may require medical treatment. 90003 90002 Several conditions can cause upper stomach pain. In many cases, one condition can lead to another. For example, ulcers may cause indigestion, or gallstones may cause liver dysfunction.90003 90002 In this article, learn about ten possible causes of upper stomach pain, as well as treatment options and when to see a doctor. 90003 90002 Causes of upper stomach pain can include: 90003 90002 Gas occurs naturally in the intestines and digestive tract. When this gas accumulates, it can cause feelings of pressure, bloating, or fullness. 90003 90002 An infection, virus, diarrhea, or constipation can cause gas pain to become very intense. 90003 90002 Gas may be the culprit if: 90003 90016 90017 The pain comes in waves.90018 90017 The pain causes the stomach to swell. 90018 90017 It feels like something is moving in the stomach. 90018 90017 There is burping or passing of gas. 90018 90017 A person has diarrhea or constipation. 90018 90027 90002 Gas pain is not usually serious, and over-the-counter (OTC) medicines can help. A person can also try eating more slowly to avoid swallowing air and prevent the gas from getting worse. Some people notice that certain foods, such as broccoli, are more likely to cause gas pain.90003 90002 Gas usually goes away, without treatment, within a few hours. If it occurs with a fever, uncontrolled vomiting, or intense pain, it is best to see a doctor. 90003 90002 Indigestion is a burning feeling in the upper stomach, and sometimes in the mouth or throat. The pain may also feel like it stems from the chest. 90003 90002 The medical term for indigestion is dyspepsia. It usually appears when there is too much acid in the stomach, which can happen after eating highly acidic foods.90003 90002 Less commonly, indigestion can result from a stomach ulcer, acid reflux, or even stomach cancer. Frequent indigestion that is very painful or occurs with unexplained weight loss could be a sign of a more serious concern. 90003 90002 OTC medicines are highly effective at managing temporary indigestion. Identifying the triggers, such as certain foods, can help a person make healthful lifestyle changes. 90003 90002 People with frequent or severe indigestion may wish to speak to a doctor about managing their symptoms or diagnosing an underlying cause.90003 90002 Gastritis causes the stomach lining to become swollen and painful. 90003 90002 Acute gastritis occurs in the short term and comes on quickly, usually because of a bacterial infection, such as with 90045 Helicobacter pylori 90046 bacteria. 90003 90002 Some conditions irritate the stomach lining, causing chronic gastritis. 90003 90002 Causes of chronic gastritis include: 90003 90016 90017 Crohn’s disease 90018 90017 autoimmune diseases 90018 90017 sarcoidosis 90018 90017 allergies 90018 90017 viruses in people with weakened immune systems 90018 90027 90002 Antibiotics can usually treat bacterial infections.When gastritis is chronic, diagnosing and treating the underlying cause can help. 90003 90002 For many people, reducing stomach acid by eating a less acidic diet or taking medications can also help. Pain relievers can help with symptoms, while medicines that protect the stomach lining can prevent the symptoms from getting worse. 90003 90002 Gastroenteritis is a stomach virus that can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, in addition to upper stomach pain. People with a stomach virus may also have headaches, muscle aches, and low energy.90003 90002 Some people call gastroenteritis the stomach flu, but it is not actually a type of flu. 90003 90002 For most people, symptoms go away on their own within a few days. Avoiding heavy meals and drinking only clear liquids can help a person stop vomiting. 90003 90002 It is vital to avoid dehydration, so consider drinking something that restores electrolytes, such as a sports drink, until the symptoms pass. 90003 90002 Some people may need medical treatment to avoid dehydration, including those with weakened immune systems, babies and very young children, and people with serious health conditions, such as cancer.90003 90002 Many muscles extend to the upper stomach. Pain from a mild muscle injury or spasms can cause temporary pain in the upper abdomen. 90003 90002 The pain often gets better with gentle massage and rest. Some people also find relief by using cold and hot packs. 90003 90002 If muscle pain is intense or does not get better after a few days, see a doctor for an evaluation. 90003 90002 Appendicitis is an infection of the appendix. Without treatment, it can cause the appendix to rupture, and the condition can become life-threatening.90003 90002 In the early stages of appendicitis, a person may notice a dull ache around their belly button, but this pain can radiate to the upper stomach. As the infection gets worse, the pain moves to the lower-right side. 90003 90002 In most cases, a doctor treats appendicitis by removing the appendix. 90003 90002 Gallstones are hard formations of cholesterol or bilirubin that can develop in the gallbladder. They do not always cause problems, but sometimes they block a biliary duct. 90003 90002 A blockage from a gallstone can cause intense pain in the upper-right stomach, as well as vomiting, fatigue, and exhaustion.90003 90002 Untreated gallstones can affect the functioning of the liver and pancreas. When this happens, a person may experience jaundice, which is yellowing of the skin and eyes, or they may develop a serious infection of the pancreas. 90003 90002 In most cases, a doctor treats gallstones by removing the gallbladder, and a person can live a regular life without this organ. Or, a doctor may prescribe medication to dissolve the stones. 90003 90002 If gallstones pass on their own, a doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as more exercise or a lower-fat diet, to reduce the risk of the stones reoccurring.90003 90002 The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder work together to support digestion. All three organs are in the upper-right side of the stomach. 90003 90002 Sometimes, untreated gallstones block biliary ducts, causing pain in the liver or pancreas. 90003 90002 Liver diseases, such as hepatitis, can cause liver pain. Pancreatitis, which is inflammation of the pancreas, may also cause pain. Some other causes, such as liver or pancreatic cancer, are less likely. 90003 90002 Additional symptoms of liver or pancreas problems include: 90003 90016 90017 yellow eyes or skin 90018 90017 dark urine 90018 90017 very pale or white bowel movements 90018 90017 nausea 90018 90017 vomiting 90018 90017 pain that gets progressively worse 90018 90027 90002 The right treatment depends on the underlying cause.People with pancreatitis may need to stay in the hospital for fluids and observation. Liver diseases require medication, and a liver transplant can treat advanced liver disease. 90003 90002 Cancers of the liver and pancreas can require chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. Regardless of the cause of pain in the liver or pancreas, a prompt diagnosis can be life-saving. 90003 90002 A bowel obstruction blocks the intestines, making it difficult or impossible for anything to pass through. This can cause intense pain, constipation, and difficulty digesting and absorbing food.90003 90002 In addition to stomach pain, symptoms of a bowel obstruction include: 90003 90016 90017 vomiting bile, a greenish-yellow substance 90018 90017 a swollen stomach 90018 90017 an inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement 90018 90017 intense cramping 90018 90027 90002 A bowel obstruction is a medical emergency, as the bowel can tear or become seriously infected. Medications, fluid, and pain relievers often help. In some cases, a surgeon may need to remove the blockage. 90003 90002 Small pouches called diverticula can appear in the intestines, especially in the colon.When these pouches become inflamed or infected, a person can develop intense abdominal pain. 90003 90002 The location of the pain depends on where the diverticula are. While diverticula are more common in the lower intestines, they can also appear in the upper intestines, causing pain in the upper stomach. 90003 90002 Diverticulitis may also affect bowel function, causing symptoms such as constipation and diarrhea. 90003 90002 Probiotics and a high-fiber diet often help treat diverticulitis. If the infection gets worse or does not go away, a doctor may perform a surgery to remove the diverticula or a part of the intestines.90003 Share on PinterestA person should see a doctor within 24 hours if they have a fever and abdominal pain. 90002 In most cases, it is safe to wait and see if upper stomach pain goes away without treatment. If the pain persists or gets worse, it is best to see a doctor. 90003 90002 See a doctor within 24 hours if: 90003 90016 90017 Vomiting lasts longer than 12 hours. 90018 90017 There is a fever along with abdominal pain. 90018 90017 Abdominal pain occurs following an injury, such as a blow to the stomach.90018 90017 A person develops abdominal pain after taking a new medication. 90018 90017 Stomach pain occurs in someone with a weakened immune system due to HIV, chemotherapy, or immunosuppressants. 90018 90027 90002 Go to the emergency room or seek urgent care if: 90003 90016 90017 There is severe pain in the upper-right abdomen. 90018 90017 The stomach pain is unbearable. 90018 90017 There is stomach pain and white or pale stool. 90018 90017 A pregnant woman develops severe abdominal pain.90018 90017 A person develops signs of severe dehydration, such as not urinating, chapped lips, very dry skin, confusion, dizziness, or sunken eyes. 90018 90017 A newborn has persistent vomiting or a high fever. 90018 90027 90002 Abdominal pain can be a minor inconvenience or so intense that it makes functioning difficult. It is important to pay attention to other symptoms before deciding whether medical attention is necessary. 90003 90002 In many cases, especially those due to minor infections or gas, upper stomach pain will go away in a few hours or days.90003.90000 How to Relieve Dry Mouth Discomfort 90001 90002 A good night’s sleep is important for good health, but that peaceful slumber can be difficult to achieve if you frequently wake up with dry mouth at night. 90003 90002 90005 Causes of Dry Mouth 90006 90003 90002 The causes of xerostomia, the medical term for dry mouth, can vary, but during the nighttime hours, lack of saliva is most often caused by sleeping with your mouth open or snoring. Emotional causes, such as stress, and side effects to medications can also play a factor.In fact, the American Dental Association (ADA) reports that more than 400 medications, both over-the-counter and prescription, list dry mouth as a possible adverse side effect. 90003 90002 No matter what the cause, frequent dry mouth is an issue that should be addressed by a healthcare professional. Your mouth needs saliva, even when you’re sleeping. Saliva helps prevent tooth decay, because it washes away bacteria and food and assists in swallowing. When you have dry mouth at night, your mouth can become red and irritated, making you more likely to get an infection.Additionally, addressing this issue could improve your sleep. 90003 90002 90005 Treatment for Dry Mouth at Night 90006 90003 90002 It’s best to talk to your dentist about how to address dry mouth, but there are some simple things you can do to relieve the discomfort in the meantime. For starters, change some of your habits by cutting back on caffeine and soda, alcohol and smoking. The Mayo Clinic suggests avoiding sugary or acidic foods and candies, since they greatly increase the risk of tooth decay, especially when coupled with dry mouth.During the day, be sure to drink plenty of water, as additional fluids will help the production of saliva. 90003 90002 When it comes time for bed, the Mayo Clinic recommends brushing with a fluoride toothpaste and using a fluoride rinse rather than an alcohol-based mouthwash, which can further dry out your mouth and tongue. 90003 90002 It also recommends that you turn on a humidifier at night, so the air in your bedroom is not too dry. Keep a glass of water next to your bed that you can sip on it should you be woken up by your dry mouth at night is also a wise move.90003 90002 90005 Visit Your Dentist to Address Underlying Causes 90024 90006 90024 Xerostomia might not be a disease, but it can be a symptom of a larger medical issue. If your dry mouth is accompanied by other symptoms — including a burning sensation in the mouth, cracked lips or corners of the mouth, more plaque than normal and bad breath — it’s important that you go to your healthcare professional to talk about what you can do to relieve the dryness. He or she may suggest a dry mouth rinse, sugarless lozenges, fluoride prescription toothpaste, artificial saliva or saliva spray, and the doctor can help you address other underlying causes of your dry mouth.90003 .90000 Jaw pain: Causes, symptoms, and treatment 90001 90002 Jaw pain, which sometimes radiates to other areas of the face, is a common concern. It can develop due to sinus infections, toothaches, issues with the blood vessels or nerves, or other conditions. 90003 90002 Most types of jaw pain result from temporomandibular joint disorder. In many cases, jaw pain does not need immediate medical attention, but sometimes, it can indicate a more serious underlying condition that needs treatment. 90003 90002 Anyone with severe, worsening, or persistent jaw pain should see a doctor for a diagnosis.90003 90002 In this article, learn about the causes of jaw pain and the treatment options available. 90003 90002 Jaw pain can result from physical injuries, damage to the nerves or blood vessels, infections, and several other causes. 90003 90002 Temporomandibular joint disorder is a cluster of conditions that affect the bones, joints, and muscles responsible for jaw movement. These conditions can cause pain and discomfort. 90003 90002 It is a common complaint and usually goes away without medical treatment, though some types may need treatment.90003 90002 The symptoms tend to vary, but they may include: 90003 90018 90019 pain in the face and jaw 90020 90019 jaw locking 90020 90019 clicking, popping, or grinding sounds 90020 90019 tooth grinding or clenching 90020 90019 difficulty chewing or opening the mouth 90020 90019 a burning sensation in the mouth 90020 90019 sensitive teeth 90020 90033 90002 The sections below list some of the potential causes. 90003 90036 Trauma 90037 90002 Jaw pain can result from: 90003 90002 90041 A broken jaw 90042: This can result from a fall or a blow to the face.90003 90002 90041 A dislocated jaw 90042: This can result from opening the mouth too wide, such as when yawning. 90003 90002 90041 Dental surgery 90042: This can cause jaw pain because it can take time to recover from a procedure. 90003 90002 An injury or strain can cause muscle tension, resulting in jaw pain. 90003 90002 How can a person recognize a broken or dislocated jaw? Find out here. 90003 90036 Teeth grinding and clenching 90037 90002 Many people grind or clench their teeth while they sleep or at times of emotional stress.This is also known as bruxism. It can lead to significant tooth damage and jaw pain. 90003 90002 Learn more about bruxism and what to do about it here. 90003 90036 Arthritis 90037 90002 Osteoarthritis and other types of arthritis can cause the smooth interface between the joints, and eventually the bones themselves, to wear away. Bone pain can develop as a result of this. 90003 90002 Also, inflammatory conditions such as synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis cause inflammation in the joints.If these conditions affect the jaw bone joint, pain can develop. 90003 90036 Dental conditions 90037 90002 Gum disease, cavities, tooth gaps, damaged teeth, and abscesses can all give rise to jaw pain. 90003 90036 Neuropathic pain 90037 90002 This type of pain occurs when nerves become damaged and send pain signals to the brain. Symptoms can be continuous or only occur from time to time. 90003 90002 Examples of neuropathic pain include trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, and cancer-related pain.90003 90036 Vascular conditions 90037 90002 Sometimes, a problem with the vascular system can lead to jaw pain. Some examples of vascular conditions include temporal arteritis, or giant cell arteritis, and angina. 90003 90002 In temporal arteritis, the arteries on either side of the head — in the temple region — become inflamed, resulting in headaches and jaw pain. This condition may also put a person’s vision at risk. 90003 90002 Angina can develop when the heart does not get enough oxygen-rich blood, usually due to a coronary artery blockage.It can cause chest pain as well as jaw pain. A person who has angina is also at risk of experiencing a heart attack. 90003 90036 Osteomyelitis 90037 90002 In rare cases, an infection called osteomyelitis can affect the jaw bone and associated tissues. This is a rare complication of dental surgery. 90003 90036 Tension headaches 90037 90002 Tension headaches result from stress. 90003 90002 Research has found that some people with temporomandibular jaw pain also experience headaches, but there seems to be no link between the two conditions.For this reason, it is unclear whether or not there is a link between jaw pain and headache. 90003 90036 Other conditions 90037 90002 Some other conditions that may give rise to jaw and facial pain include: 90003 90002 The specific and accompanying symptoms of jaw and facial pain will vary depending on the cause. 90003 90002 They may include: 90003 90018 90019 facial pain that worsens when the person uses their jaw 90020 90019 joint and muscle tenderness 90020 90019 a limited range of motion 90020 90019 jaw alignment issues 90020 90019 clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the jaw 90020 90019 ringing in the ears 90020 90019 earaches 90020 90019 headaches with or without ear pain and pressure behind the eyes 90020 90019 dizziness 90020 90019 jaw locking 90020 90019 pain that ranges from a dull ache to a sharp, stabbing sensation 90020 90019 vertigo 90020 90019 toothache 90020 90019 tension or other headaches 90020 90019 nerve-type pain, such as a burning sensation 90020 90019 fever 90020 90019 facial swelling 90020 90033 90002 Anyone concerned about jaw pain should see a doctor, dentist, or oral surgeon.90003 90036 Complications 90037 90002 Complications can arise if the person does not seek medical attention for their jaw pain. The complications will depend on the cause and other factors, including the treatment approach. 90003 90002 Some possible complications of jaw pain include: 90003 90018 90019 dental complications 90020 90019 surgical complications 90020 90019 infections 90020 90019 ongoing pain 90020 90019 emotional distress 90020 90019 loss of appetite due to pain or difficulty chewing and swallowing 90020 90033 90002 To diagnose jaw pain , a doctor will ask the person about their symptoms and carry out a physical examination.They may also recommend a blood test, an imaging study, or both. 90003 90002 In some cases, the doctor might also suggest psychological and psychiatric screening. 90003 90002 If they believe that a specific condition is causing the pain, they may recommend tests specifically for that condition. 90003 90002 Treatment will depend on the cause of the pain. Various options are available. 90003 90002 A doctor may prescribe the following medications: 90003 90018 90019 antibiotics, if tests reveal a potential bacterial infection 90020 90019 muscle relaxants 90020 90019 oral, spray, or topical medications for pain relief 90020 90019 steroid injections, to decrease inflammation or swelling 90020 90019 antiviral therapy, to treat viral infections such as herpes zoster 90020 90033 90002 In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove any damaged bone or to rebuild the jaw.90003 90002 Some physical therapies include: 90003 90018 90019 using mouth protectors, such as a mouthguard 90020 90019 trying physical therapy 90020 90019 trying relaxation therapy 90020 90019 stretching, to increase muscle flexibility 90020 90019 checking posture, to prevent neck and back strain 90020 90033 90002 Some dental treatment options include: 90003 90018 90019 root canal treatment 90020 90019 tooth extraction 90020 90019 heat or cold therapy 90020 90033 90002 Some home and alternative remedies include: 90003 90018 90019 adopting a soft diet, to prevent excessive jaw movement 90020 90019 trying massage 90020 90019 trying acupuncture 90020 90033 90002 Many people use braces to straighten their teeth, but some worry that they will be painful.Learn more about braces here. 90003 90002 If a person has already experienced jaw pain, following these tips may help prevent it from returning — at least during the recovery phase: 90003 90018 90019 eating soft or liquid foods, such as soup or pasta 90020 90019 avoiding eating crunchy or chewy foods , such as gum 90020 90019 taking small bites of food 90020 90033 90002 Some long-term strategies include: 90003 90018 90019 seeking regular dental care 90020 90019 reducing stress by trying meditation, yoga, or other types of exercise 90020 90019 massaging the jaw area to relax the muscles and increase blood flow 90020 90019 using a mouthguard to stop the teeth from grinding together 90020 90019 adopting the correct posture and not carrying a heavy bag for too long on one shoulder 90020 90033 90002 A doctor can advise on the most suitable preventive measures .90003 90002 In this article, get some tips on exercises that can help relieve jaw pain. 90003 90036 Which foods can help? 90037 90002 A person with jaw pain and discomfort should follow a healthful diet to ensure that they get the right nutrients. However, they may need to avoid chewy, hard, or crunchy foods. 90003 90002 Some suitable dietary options include: 90003 90018 90019 plain yogurt 90020 90019 smoothies 90020 90019 soaked or cooked oats 90020 90019 soft fruits 90020 90019 cottage cheese 90020 90019 scrambled eggs 90020 90019 mashed vegetables 90020 90019 fish 90020 90019 lentil soup or chicken broth 90020 90033 90002 Fresh fruits and vegetables are excellent choices, as they provide all the nutrients a person needs.90003 90002 Jaw pain does not always need medical attention, but a person should see their doctor when: 90003 90018 90019 home remedies do not improve jaw pain 90020 90019 jaw pain interferes with a person’s daily routine 90020 90019 there is a change in the way the jaw moves or the teeth line up 90020 90019 the jaw starts making a clicking or popping sound when moving 90020 90019 pain occurs in the neck or upper back 90020 90019 they have eye pain, vision changes, or headaches 90020 90019 tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, occurs alongside jaw pain 90020 90019 they have dental problems, such as broken teeth 90020 90019 there is swelling that could be a sign of infection 90020 90019 they have a fever 90020 90033 90002 A person should speak with a dentist or doctor about jaw pain to get a diagnosis and suitable treatments, if necessary, for an underlying condition.90003 90002 Dental problems can cause jaw pain. How can a person reduce the risk of dental problems? Get some tips here. 90003.90000 Burning mouth syndrome: Symptoms, causes, and treatment 90001 90002 Burning mouth syndrome is a poorly understood condition that causes a burning sensation in the tongue or mouth. 90003 90002 The pain and discomfort caused by burning mouth syndrome (BMS) are often recurrent. While BMS is tricky to treat, there are steps that people can take to reduce their discomfort. 90003 Share on PinterestBurning mouth syndrome may be tricky to treat and can occur in any area of ββthe mouth. 90002 BMS causes a sudden burning, scalding, or tingling sensation in the mouth.It can occur in any area of ββthe mouth, including the tongue, cheeks, and the roof of the mouth. 90003 90002 Some people experience BMS on a daily basis for long periods of time, while other people only experience it periodically. 90003 90002 BMS is a rare condition, occurring in less than 2 percent of the population. Because doctors know relatively little about the condition, it can be difficult to diagnose and treat. 90003 90002 People who experience BMS report a scalding, tingling, or burning sensation occurring in the mouth.The severity of these symptoms varies between individuals. 90003 90002 The pain or burning can last for a few hours to a few days. It may also start suddenly, disappear, and start again several months later. 90003 90002 Some people who have BMS may feel increased pain throughout the day, while others find some relief from eating or drinking. 90003 90002 Additional symptoms may include: 90003 90002 BMS may be classified by either its cause or symptoms. 90003 90002 There are three different types of BMS based on its symptoms: 90003 90024 90025 90026 Type 1 90027: A person wakes with no burning, but symptoms increase throughout the day.People with diabetes who experience BMS are likely to have this type. 90028 90025 90026 Type 2 90027: People have persistent symptoms during the day but no symptoms at night. This often coincides with chronic anxiety. 90028 90025 90026 Type 3 90027: Symptoms are intermittent and may be related to food allergies. 90028 90037 Share on PinterestA doctor may diagnose burning mouth syndrome using blood tests, allergy tests, and a mouth swab. 90002 When BMS is classified by cause, it is considered to be primary or secondary.90003 90002 Primary BMS does not have an identifiable cause, whereas secondary BMS is linked to an underlying condition. 90003 90002 Some of the possible underlying conditions that can cause BMS include: 90003 90024 90025 allergies 90028 90025 hormonal imbalances 90028 90025 dry mouth 90028 90025 acid reflux 90028 90025 infections in the mouth 90028 90025 medications 90028 90025 nutritional deficiencies in iron or zinc 90028 90025 anxiety 90028 90025 diabetes 90028 90037 90002 Older women are more likely to develop burning mouth syndrome than younger women due to hormonal imbalances.In older women, this imbalance is largely due to a lack of estrogen. 90003 90002 Diagnosing BMS involves ruling out underlying conditions or other issues that may be causing the symptoms. To do this, a doctor will start by reviewing the person’s medical history and current medications. 90003 90002 The doctor may also need to perform a variety of tests, including: 90003 90024 90025 oral swabs 90028 90025 biopsy 90028 90025 blood tests 90028 90025 saliva flow test 90028 90025 imaging test 90028 90025 allergy test 90028 90037 90002 Treatment will depend on the type of BMS a person has and whether there are any underlying causes.90003 90002 Primary BMS may be difficult to treat as it does not have a known cause. However, a person can try to reduce the severity of their symptoms by: 90003 90024 90025 avoiding acidic or spicy foods 90028 90025 reducing stress 90028 90025 avoiding any other known food triggers 90028 90025 exercising regularly 90028 90025 changing toothpaste 90028 90025 avoiding mouthwashes containing alcohol 90028 90025 sucking on ice chips 90028 90025 avoiding alcohol if it triggers symptoms 90028 90025 drinking cool liquids throughout the day 90028 90025 quitting smoking 90028 90025 eating a balanced diet 90028 90025 checking medications for potential triggers 90028 90037 90002 Symptoms of secondary BMS will usually go away once the underlying cause is treated.90003 90002 Where acid reflux is causing BMS, a doctor may prescribe antacids or acid blockers as well as recommend some dietary changes. 90003 90002 Mouth infections will likely require medication or antibiotics to treat the infection. In some situations, a doctor will prescribe a pain reliever. BMS should resolve after treatment is complete. 90003 90002 When a person has dry mouth, a doctor may suggest that they take vitamin supplements, or the doctor may prescribe a vitamin injection, oral rinses, or lozenges to help produce saliva.90003 90002 It is important to get a proper diagnosis to treat and manage the symptoms of BMS effectively. 90003 90002 Burning mouth syndrome can be painful and irritating. Unfortunately, this unpredictable condition can last for up to several months and may recur. 90003 90002 In some cases, a person may be able to identify and treat the underlying cause of BMS. 90003 90002 BMS will not lead to any further complications, but a person should still speak to a doctor about their symptoms. 90003.





