Рекомендации по гигиене полости рта для детей от 3 до 6 лет

Посещение стоматолога:

• Два раза в год

Осмотр детей для ранней диагностики кариеса зубов и его осложнений.
Осмотр детей для ранней диагностики аномалий патологии зубочелюстной системы.
Рекомендации по правилам чистки зубов.
Подбор средств гигиены полости рта.
Снятие зубных отложений и налета (по необходимости).
Герметизация фиссур зубов

Чистка зубов:
Утром после завтрака и вечером перед сном. Время чистки зубов – 3 минуты.

Основные средства гигиены полости рта:

• Мануальная зубная щетка
• Зубная паста

Зубная щетка для детей 3-6 лет должна быть такой:
с мягкой щетиной, с закругленными и отполированными кончиками;
с большой ручкой;
с индикацией степени износа щетины.

Питание:

Полезные для зубов продукты должны содержать небольшое количество сахара, достаточное количество витаминов и минеральных веществ. Полезно употреблять твердую пищу.

Исключить употребление сахаросодержащих продуктов (сладости, печенья и т.п.) между основными приемами пищи.

Полезные продукты для зубов
Сырые овощи и фрукты
Орехи, сухофрукты
Молоко, сыр, мясо
Рыба, чай
Вредные продукты для зубов
Карамель, леденцы, шоколад
Сладкие газированные напитки
Сахаросодержащая жевательная резинка

Кариес зубов

Кариес зубов – заболевание твердых тканей зуба, возникающее при нерегулярной гигиене полости рта и избыточном употреблении сладостей.

Поражение зубов кариесом всегда сопровождается нарушением их функции, при разрушении зубов возникают трудности при приеме пищи, болевые ощущения, нарушение внешнего вида, особенно при поражении кариесом передней группы зубов. Кариес во временных зубах протекает с такими же неприятными ощущениями как у взрослых.

Осложнения кариеса временных зубов могут приводить к тяжелым воспалительным процессам в челюстно-лицевой области.

Раннее удаление временных зубов является одной из причин формирования зубочелюстных аномалий, то есть нарушения прикуса, формы и размеров зубных рядов.

В 5-6 лет начинают выпадать временные зубы и начинают прорезываться постоянные.

Первые постоянные моляры появляются в полости рта самыми первыми из постоянных зубов. При этом временные зубы не выпадают, так как первые постоянные моляры прорезываются за временными молярами сзади, поэтому родители не уделяют должного внимания этим зубам, принимая их за временные.

На жевательных поверхностях первых постоянных моляров определяются глубокие ямки (фиссуры), которые в первую очередь поражаются кариесом. Для защиты от кариеса сразу же после прорезывания этих зубов надо провести методику герметизации, которая включает заполнение фиссур специальным материалом.

Поэтому важно вовремя посещать стоматолога, для выявления кариеса, его лечения и профилактики, как во временных, так и в постоянных зубах.

ВАЖНО!

Если на зубах появились темно-серые пятна, если зубы реагируют на холодное, горячее, сладкое, кислое, а уж тем более, если на зубах видны кариозные полости, то, явно у ребенка кариес. Надо немедленно обратиться к стоматологу.

Помните, что к стоматологу необходимо обращаться, когда ребёнок здоров и не испытывает зубную боль!

90000 Oral Hygiene and Health for Children 90001 90002 Keeping track of your child’s health can be a difficult task-especially when it’s just one of the many responsibilities that come with parenting. Luckily, there are some general guidelines you can follow to protect and strengthen your child’s health and wellbeing. 90003 90002 90005> «Oral Health for Children» Fact Sheet in English 90006 90003 90002 90005 What is Oral Hygiene? 90006 90003 90002 Good oral health practices can be practiced during all stages of development for your child.Oral hygiene, however, is specifically defined as the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy by brushing and flossing to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. 90003 90002 90005 Why is Developing Good Oral Health So Important? 90006 90003 90002 Did you know that the most common chronic disease in infants and young children is 90019 dental caries 90020? In fact, it’s actually five times more prevalent than asthma. Dental caries is a disease that damages the structure of the teeth, and this damage often results in tooth decay or cavities.The practice of good oral hygiene is essential in preventing early childhood caries. 90003 90002 Developing good oral hygiene is also the first line of defense against common dental problems such as plaque, tooth decay, gum disease, and halitosis. 90003 90024 90025 90005 Plaque 90006 is a white-ish substance that develops and clings to the teeth when food is mixed with bacteria and saliva. Good oral hygiene helps to loosen and remove plaque. 90028 90025 90005 Tooth decay 90006 occurs when small holes, or cavities, form in the tooth.Plaque is the main culprit of tooth decay, especially when sugar comes in contact with the bacteria in your mouth. Keeping the teeth clear of plaque prevents the occurrence of tooth decay. 90028 90025 90005 Gum disease 90006 is an infection or inflammation of the gums surrounding the teeth. Unhealthy gums are exposed to plaque and can cause an inflammation called gingivitis. Ridding the teeth of plaque will help guard against gum disease. 90028 90025 90005 Halitosis 90006 is the technical term for bad breath.It is caused by the unhealthy build up of plaque and the inflammation or infection of the gums. Keeping the gums and teeth clean will help to alleviate this condition. 90028 90041 90002 Teaching your child good oral hygiene techniques is important for their oral health, and if good oral hygiene is practiced from an early age, children who are old enough to grasp the toothbrush on their own will more likely be responsible for their own brushing. 90003 90002 90005 What are the suggested practices during the various stages of infant oral health? 90006 90003 90002 From birth to three months of age, good oral health is primarily related to nutrition.Breastfeeding is the preferred source of infant nutrition, but if your baby is using a bottle at all, it should only hold formula or breast milk at this age. You should also clean your infant’s gums with a water-soaked washcloth; this is a healthy way to stimulate gum tissue and remove food even before your child begins teething. 90003 90002 From four months to six months of age, your child may begin teething. Teething symptoms include fussiness, increased sucking behavior, and loose stools. This can be a tough hurdle for babies and parents, but there are some tactics you may use to ease discomfort for your child during this time.Give your baby a cold teething ring or washcloth to suck on, gently rub the gums, and offer soothing comfort. Infant Tylenol can be given for teething pain, but be sure to check with your pediatrician first. 90003 90002 When your baby turns six months, ask your doctor about fluoride. Some local jurisdictions such as Fairfax County, have fluoride added to the public water system. If not, your child can be given regular fluoride treatments in the form of supplements. Fluoride is one of the most useful tools in the prevention of dental decay and early childhood caries, so it is important to check with your dentist to see what your fluoride guidelines are in your area.During this time period, parents should begin brushing their child’s teeth from behind while gently supporting the child’s head. This routine should be practiced twice a day using a small soft brush and a small dab of toothpaste. 90003 90002 Another important step for babies at six months is the introduction of a sippy cup in preparation for weaning from the bottle or breast. During this time, drinks should be limited to water and plain milk to cut down on sugar. All children-but especially those at this young age-do not need juice or fruit drinks in their diet.90003 90002 By the time your baby turns one, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends that all children see a dentist. During the dental screening, your child’s teeth should be examined for white spots, cavities and any defects. 90003 90002 The messages you give your child about dental care should be consistent by the time your child is fifteen months of age. In addition, every child at this age should have an established source of dental care. 90003 90002 As a parent, your practice of dental care (blushing, flossing, etc.FOR for your child) should continue constantly until your child has learned proper oral hygiene techniques. This can usually be taught around the age of two, but every child is different. 90003 90002 90005 What is considered good oral hygiene for children of two years of age and older? 90006 90003 90002 Oral hygiene should be reinforced for every child from two years of age and beyond, and parental assistance with tooth brushing should continue until eight years of age. Good oral hygiene means thoroughly cleaning your mouth at least once a day.Your child’s daily routine should include: 90003 90068 90025 90005 Brushing his or her teeth. 90006 A child should brush his or her teeth for two full minutes with fluoride toothpaste. Consider putting a kitchen timer on the sink so they learn how long two minutes is (this can be helpful for parents, too!) Also, remember to replace your child’s toothbrush every three months. 90028 90025 90005 Flossing after every brushing. 90006 The practice of flossing is helpful in keeping your child’s mouth free from bacteria.90028 90025 90005 Rinsing your mouth with antiseptic mouthwash. 90006 In addition to getting rid of small pieces of debris, rinsing is a great way to keep your child’s gums healthy. Choose a mouthwash without high levels of alcohol. 90028 90081 90002 Another important aspect of oral hygiene is making sure your child’s mouth stays clear of anything containing germs including his or her hands or toys. It is also a good idea to encourage your child not to share food or drinks with other children at school.90003 90002 90005 The Difficulty of Encouraging Good Oral Hygiene for Your Child 90006 90003 90002 Although encouraging great oral hygiene for kids can be a difficult task, here are a few things that might help: 90003 90068 90025 90005 A Good Role Model. 90006 One of the best ways to teach your child 90019 anything 90020 is to do it yourself. Plan to brush your teeth, floss and rinse in front of your child at least once a day so they can learn by example. 90028 90025 90005 Electric and Musical Toothbrushes.90006 Electric toothbrushes are extremely fun for your child, and the musical toothbrushes play for the recommended two minute duration encouraging your child to keep brushing for the optimal time. 90028 90025 90005 Fun Dental Floss Holder. 90006 Your child may be more encouraged to break off a piece of floss if they are pulling it out of a floss container in the shape of a car or dolphin. Many dentists also recommend one-time flossers, which come in fun shapes and are easier for children to hold in their own mouths.90028 90025 90005 Interactive Mouthwash. 90006 Some mouthwashes have the ability to stain the plaque in your child’s mouth with a certain color that helps highlight the spots they may have missed brushing. What a fun way to promote proper brushing! 90028 90081 90002 90005 Importance of the Dentist 90006 90003 90002 Although you can promote good oral hygiene for your child, a visit to the dentist every six months is a must. Your dental hygienist will be able to recommend cleaning techniques and products for your family, clean plaque and tarter from your child’s teeth, administer fluoride treatments, x-ray your child’s teeth, and finally remind your child about the importance of proper oral hygiene.90003 90002 90005 Dealing with Dentist Visit Anxieties 90006 90003 90002 It’s common for children to be apprehensive about visits to the dentist-many adults are too! Be sure to allow and encourage your child to discuss any fears he or she might have about oral health visits. Try not to mention the words hurt or pain, because saying «it will not hurt» instills the possibility of pain in your child’s mind. You might also consider scheduling your own appointment earlier and having your child come along to watch.They’ll have a chance to see what happens during a dental visit and observe your behavior throughout the appointment. 90003 90002 It may also be helpful to remind your child about the fun parts of dental visits like getting a new toothbrush and goodies from the dentist, playing with toys, and exploring the new chair and tools. Finally, practicing at home can make your oral health visit go more smoothly. You and your child can count his or her teeth and act out a pretend dental visit in preparation for the upcoming appointment.90003 90002 90005 Overall Health Tips 90006 90003 90002 Oral health is just one facet of caring for your child’s health-there are many other ways parents can make sure their child is healthy and happy: 90003 90068 90025 90005 Schedule an annual physical examination for your child. 90006 Routine tests can be beneficial in catching potential problems early, but more likely a yearly visit to the pediatrician will be beneficial in improving your patient-doctor relationship as well as alleviate your worries as a parent.90028 90025 90005 Get your child vaccinated! 90006 Vaccinations are both easy and inexpensive. Furthermore, immunizations are extremely important in keeping both your child and the community safe. 90028 90025 90005 Give your medicine cabinet an annual checkup. 90006 Items that should be re-stocked include Tylenol, a decongestant, a thermometer, antibacterial ointment, and a first-aid kit. Also, make sure to safely throw out those prescription or over-the-counter drugs that have expired. 90028 90025 90005 Start your day off with breakfast.90006 In addition to giving your child a boost of energy needed for the day, it can also help your child perform better in school. 90028 90025 90005 Eat More Grains, Fruits and Vegetables. 90006 These types of food are vital in providing your child with energy, fiber, and the necessary vitamins and minerals needed for healthy living. 90028 90025 90005 Get Moving! 90006 30 minutes of daily physical exercise can have many benefits including improving your child’s mood and promoting better sleep.90028 90025 90005 Get Your ZZZ’s. 90006 Lack of sleep is becoming a major health concern for children, and is having a serious impact on general health and school performance. Make sure your child is getting the appropriate amount for his or her age. In general, at least 14 hours (including naps) for infants up to age 1; at least 12 hours from 1 to 3; and at least 10-11 for children ages 3 through 10. 90028 90081 90002 As a parent, you have the power-and the responsibility-to positively impact your child’s health.By understanding the basics and using the guidelines we’ve discussed today, you can start making a difference in your child’s health today. Keep in mind that promoting healthy practices and good oral hygiene is not only a great way to keep your child healthy, but a great way to show you are and stay involved in your child’s life! 90003 90002 And remember, all aspects of parenting can be tough, but asking for help does not have to be. Do not be afraid to ask for help! For more information about your child’s general and oral health or other parenting challenges, visit the SCAN website at www.scanva.org. 90003 .90000 Kids Oral Care — Dental Hygiene Tips for Kids 90001 90002 90003 90004 90005 Why Brushing Is Important for Children 90006 90002 Brushing a child’s teeth is important for many reasons. Primary teeth keep your child’s jaw straight, hold the space for adult teeth, and play an important role in how children learn to chew, smile, and talk. Having healthy teeth will also help with confidence and participation in their education and social life. Establishing good oral health habits early on will help encourage lifelong patterns.90004 90002 90010 90004 90002 If your child’s teeth decay and have to be removed, it can cause other teeth to move, reducing space for adult teeth to come in. If poor oral habits continue, it’s much more likely that their adult teeth will decay. 90004 90005 When to Start Proper Oral Hygiene for Kids 90006 90002 Many parents want to know: At what age should I brush and floss my child’s teeth? A good rule is to start flossing as soon as the child has teeth that are in contact with each other, usually around age two to three years.Once teeth reach this point, food particles can get caught between them and foster the growth of bacteria and the development of plaque. Not all children need to have their teeth flossed at this age, so ask your dentist for advice. 90004 90005 How to Brush Baby’s Teeth 90006 90002 And good oral care starts before teeth appear. The AAP recommends that, after a feeding, parents wipe a baby’s gums with a soft washcloth or a baby toothbrush using water only (no toothpaste). You could also use a dentist-recommended cleanser.When a child’s first tooth appears, parents should brush their child’s teeth for two minutes twice a day and switch to a child-sized, soft-bristled toothbrush with a cushioned head, and a pea-sized dab of non-fluoridated toothpaste. 90004 90005 Stages of Child Development 90006 90002 90025 Oral Care Tips Stage 1 (4-24 months) 90026 90027 To prevent the buildup of plaque, a soft, sticky bacteria containing deposits that accumulate on teeth and cause tooth decay, parents should begin by regularly cleaning their newborn baby’s gums with a damp washcloth after all feedings (breast or bottle).90004 90029 90030 When a child’s first tooth appears, parents should brush their child’s teeth for two minutes twice a day and switch to a child-sized, soft-bristled toothbrush with a cushioned head, and a pea-sized dab of non-fluoridated toothpaste. 90031 90030 Parents should ask their pediatrician about when their child should visit the dentist, but a good rule of thumb is: «First visit by first birthday.» Additional visits should be scheduled every six months to ensure proper tooth development.90031 90034 90002 90036 90004 90002 90025 Oral Care Tips Stage 2 (2-4 years) 90026 90027 Children two and older should use fluoridated toothpaste to help prevent decay as their teeth continue to develop. Once children reach two years of age, encourage them to brush their own teeth. Parents, however, should still follow up and brush them again to make sure they’re clean. If a child resists having his or her teeth brushed, parents need to get creative and make the process fun, like «looking for treasure behind the teeth.»And of course, using a themed brush with your child’s favorite cartoon characters can make brushing more enjoyable. 90004 90029 90030 Supervise your child’s brushing until good habits are established. It is recommended that you spend two minutes brushing teeth, focusing on the teeth that conduct most of the chewing, and back teeth, where cavities often first develop. I know that cleaning teeth may seem like a drag to some kids, so here are a few ideas to help make brushing fun for them: Use a toothbrush that is designed to appeal to a toddler who is learning to brush and whose baby teeth are growing in.This brush is designed to effectively reach all teeth, with its narrow head, simple bristle pattern and a Power Tip. 90031 90030 Brush your teeth with your child to set a good example. This will help your child learn by watching and imitating you. 90031 90030 For children two and older, parents need to be aware of the impact that nutrition and eating / drinking habits have on oral health as well as overall health. Parents can promote healthy habits by limiting sugary drinks, getting rid of the bottle and / or sippy cup and offering healthier meal and snack options.90031 90034 90002 90025 Oral Care Tips Stage 3 (5-7 years) 90026 90027 Although young children may think they can brush their teeth themselves, most children do not have the manual dexterity for thorough teeth cleaning until they are about 7 years old. Until then, help your child brush and floss. Let them «do it themselves» first, and then follow up by helping them brush and floss again. Most young children thrive on regular schedules, so try making morning and evening tooth brushing and flossing a family event and do your own brushing and flossing at the same time.Children five and older are starting to get their permanent molars, so it’s important to use a fluoridated toothpaste and toothbrush. 90004 90002 90057 90004 90002 90025 Oral Care Tips Stage 4 (8 + years) 90026 90027 Once children start school, parents have less influence over their meals and snacks during the day. Set an example for your children by eating a variety of healthy foods yourself, and by following a consistent oral health care routine of twice-daily tooth brushing and daily flossing.You may think that children do not notice, but they do. Pack plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grain foods as healthy snacks, and keep the sugary drinks to a minimum-they are among the factors that can promote tooth decay. Children eight and older should use a fluoridated toothpaste and a toothbrush that is designed for a complex mixture of different-sized permanent and baby teeth. 90004 90005 Child Dental Care Tips 90006 90002 One of the best ways to prevent tooth decay in children is to get them enthusiastic about daily dental hygiene.After all, tooth brushing is probably not at the top of your child’s list of favorite things to do. But you can make it more acceptable-and even fun-by choosing a toothpaste and toothbrush that your child will like and will want to use. 90004 90002 Look for toothpaste with fluoride that’s child-friendly, with flavors and colors that appeal to kids. There are toothpaste choices more appropriate to adult needs as well, so many families find themselves using more than one type of toothpaste.90004 90002 Knowing how to brush your teeth is just as important as the type of toothpaste you choose. Teach children the proper technique early to help encourage them to develop good oral health habits. Explaining how to brush your teeth does not have to be complicated. Start with these simple steps to get kids off to a good start. 90004 90029 90030 Hold your toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against the gums. 90031 90030 Move the brush back and forth gently, in short strokes, over the fronts, backs and tops of your teeth.Do not scrub hard along the gum line; you can irritate your gums. 90031 90030 Do not forget to brush (and floss) behind your top front teeth and behind the bottom front teeth. (The area behind the bottom front teeth is prone to tartar buildup and needs attention.) Use the top bristles of the brush to reach this area-some toothbrushes have a slightly longer tip to make it easier to reach these spots. 90031 90034 90005 Combat the Effects of Sugar on Your Kids ‘Oral Care Routine 90006 90029 90030 Save treats like candy, cookies and pies for after mealtime, since this is when the amount of saliva produced in the mouth is greater and will therefore better help protect your child’s teeth.90031 90030 Dairy acts as a buffer to the acids produced by oral bacteria, decreasing the possibility of tooth decay. So consider serving your children milk or cheese with holiday candies and treats. 90031 90030 Hard candy can get stuck between kids ‘teeth, which can cause cavities. Flossing can help remove the candy particles. Try flossers adorned with your child’s favorite character to help make flossing fun. 90031 90030 To help pace the amount of candy your child is consuming around holidays like Halloween and Easter, store excess candy in a sealed container and establish set times when your child can have a treat.90031 90030 Encourage children to drink more water to help prevent tooth decay. If you choose bottled water, check the label for fluoride content. According to the American Dental Association, fluoridated water can reduce the number of cavities children get in their baby teeth. 90031 90034 90002 069055123669 90004 .90000 Children’s Oral Health | Basics | Children’s Oral Health | Division of Oral Health 90001 90002 Overview 90003 90004 90005 90006 90005 Cavities (also known as caries or tooth decay) are one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood in the United States. Untreated cavities can cause pain and infections that may lead to problems with eating, speaking, playing, and learning. Children who have poor oral health often miss more school and receive lower grades than children who do not.90006 90009 90010 About 1 of 5 (20%) children aged 5 to 11 years have at least one untreated decayed tooth. 90011 1 90012 90013 90010 1 of 7 (13%) adolescents aged 12 to 19 years have at least one untreated decayed tooth. 90011 1 90012 90013 90010 Children aged 5 to 19 years from low-income families are twice as likely (25%) to have cavities, compared with children from higher-income households (11%). 90011 1 90012 90013 90022 90005 The good news is that cavities are preventable. Fluoride varnish can prevent about one-third (33%) of cavities in the primary (baby) teeth.90011 2 90012 Children living in communities with fluoridated tap water have fewer cavities than children whose water is not fluoridated. 90011 3 90012 Similarly, children who brush daily with fluoride toothpaste will have fewer cavities. 90011 4 90012 90006 90005 Dental sealants can also prevent cavities for many years. Applying dental sealants to the chewing surfaces of the back teeth prevent 80% of cavities. 90011 5 90012 90006 90005 90002 What Parents and Caregivers Can Do 90003 90038 For Babies 90039 90006 90041 90005 Wipe gums twice a day with a soft, clean cloth in the morning after the first feeding and right before bed to wipe away bacteria and sugars that can cause cavities.90006 90044 90005 When teeth come in, start brushing twice a day with a soft, small-bristled toothbrush and plain water. 90006 90047 90005 Visit the dentist by your baby’s first birthday to spot signs of problems early. 90006 90050 90005 Talk to your dentist or doctor about putting fluoride varnish on your child’s teeth as soon as the first tooth appears. 90006 .90000 Oral Hygiene Basics. 90001 90002 What is Good Oral Hygiene? 90003 Good oral hygiene results in a mouth that looks and smells healthy. This means: 90004 90005 90006 Your teeth are clean and free of debris 90007 90006 Gums are pink and do not hurt or bleed when you brush or floss 90007 90006 Bad breath is not a constant problem 90007 90012 90002 If your gums do hurt or bleed while brushing or flossing, or you are experiencing persistent bad breath, see your dentist.Any of these conditions may indicate a problem. 90004 90002 Your dentist or hygienist can help you learn good oral hygiene techniques and can help point out areas of your mouth that may require extra attention during brushing and flossing. 90004 90002 How is Good Oral Hygiene Practiced? 90003 Maintaining good oral hygiene is one of the most important things you can do for your teeth and gums. Healthy teeth not only enable you to look and feel good, they make it possible to eat and speak properly.Good oral health is important to your overall well-being. 90004 90002 Daily preventive care, including proper brushing and flossing, will help stop problems before they develop and is much less painful, expensive, and worrisome than treating conditions that have been allowed to progress. 90004 90002 In between regular visits to the dentist, there are simple steps that each of us can take to greatly decrease the risk of developing tooth decay, gum disease and other dental problems.These include: 90004 90005 90006 Brushing thoroughly twice a day and flossing daily 90007 90006 Eating a balanced diet and limiting snacks between meals 90007 90006 Using dental products that contain fluoride, including toothpaste 90007 90006 Rinsing with a fluoride mouthrinse if your dentist tells you to 90007 90006 Making sure that your children under 12 drink fluoridated water or take a fluoride supplement if they live in a non-fluoridated area.90007 90012 90036 90037 90038 90039 Proper Brushing Technique 90040 90041 90038 90043 90044 90040 90043 90047 90040 90043 90040 90041 90038 90053 90002 Tilt the brush at a 45 ° angle against the gumline and sweep or roll the brush away from the gumline. 90004 90040 90053 90002 Gently brush the outside, inside and chewing surface of each tooth using short back-and-forth strokes.90004 90040 90053 90002 Gently brush your tongue to remove bacteria and freshen breath. 90004 90040 90041 90066 90067 90036 90037 90038 90039 Proper Flossing Technique 90040 90041 90038 90043 90076 90040 90043 90079 90040 90043 90082 90040 90041 90038 90053 90002 Use about 18 «of floss, leaving an inch or two to work with.90004 90040 90053 90002 Gently follow the curves of your teeth. 90004 90040 90053 90002 Be sure to clean beneath the gumline, but avoid snapping the floss on the gums. 90004 90040 90041 90066 90067 90002 11/15/2010 90004 .